March 14, 2025

Free Will and the Nature of Goodness

This exploration delves into the concept of free will, its significance in defining true goodness, and the implications for understanding God's relationship with humanity. The discussion stems from ancient texts that grapple with these profound theological and philosophical questions.

The Importance of Free Will

The core argument presented is that genuine goodness arises from choice, not compulsion. As stated, "he who is good by his own choice is really good; but he who is made good by another under necessity is not really good, because he is not what he is by his own choice" (Source: Document: 1739759105915-3cgekr-anf08.txt). This highlights the idea that a forced virtue lacks authenticity.

Examples of Choice vs. Necessity

Consider these scenarios:

  • A person refrains from stealing because they fear punishment. This is acting under necessity.
  • A person refrains from stealing because they believe it is morally wrong. This is acting by choice.

The second scenario illustrates true goodness, as it stems from an internal conviction rather than external pressure.

God's Role in Human Choice

The text addresses the concern that God should have created humans incapable of evil. The response is that such a creation would negate free will. If God predetermined our thoughts and actions, He would be responsible for both good and evil. "For if we are under His influence in all that we think, you say that He is the cause of fornications, lusts, avarice, and all blasphemy" (Source: Document: 1739759105915-3cgekr-anf08.txt).

The Consequences of Blasphemy

The passage warns against attributing evil thoughts to God. It emphasizes the importance of honoring God and acknowledging His goodness. To suggest that God causes evil is considered blasphemous.

God's Justice and Goodness

The text explores the apparent contradiction between God's goodness and justice. It explains that God is good in His long-suffering with the penitent, welcoming them back. He is just when, acting as judge, He gives to everyone according to their deserts. (Source: Document: 1739759105915-3cgekr-anf08.txt)

Goodness and Justice Defined

  • Goodness: Shown through patience, mercy, and welcoming those who repent.
  • Justice: Demonstrated by fair judgment and dispensing rewards and punishments based on actions.

The Unrevealed God

The text touches on the concept of an unrevealed God, distinct from the creator known through law. This unrevealed Father is known only through the Son, and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him. This concept suggests a deeper, more personal relationship with the divine beyond adherence to laws and commandments.

Conclusion

The passage emphasizes the crucial role of free will in achieving true goodness. It argues that God's decision to grant humans free will, despite the potential for evil, is essential for authentic virtue. Furthermore, it reconciles God's goodness and justice by portraying Him as both merciful and fair. The concept of an unrevealed God adds another layer of complexity, suggesting a path to deeper spiritual understanding through revelation.