The Nature of True Goodness and Free Will

This exploration delves into the philosophical and theological concepts of free will and the nature of true goodness, drawing upon arguments about divine influence and human responsibility. The discussion addresses whether actions are predetermined or the result of individual choice, and how this affects the understanding of good and evil.

The Importance of Free Will

The text emphasizes the significance of free will in defining true goodness. It posits that goodness derived from one's own choice is inherently more genuine than goodness imposed by necessity.

he who is good by his own choice is really good; but he who is made good by another under necessity is not really good, because he is not what he is by his own choice. (Source: Document: 1739759105915-3cgekr-anf08.txt)

This suggests that moral value is intrinsically linked to the autonomy of decision-making.

Challenging Divine Determinism

The passage challenges the notion that God dictates every thought and action. The argument refutes the idea that if all thoughts are divinely influenced, God would then be the cause of negative behaviors like fornication, lust, avarice, and blasphemy. This line of reasoning aims to absolve God from being implicated in human wrongdoing.

God's Goodness and Justice

The text explores the dual nature of God as both good and just. God's goodness is manifested in his long-suffering and welcoming attitude towards the penitent, while his justice is demonstrated in his role as a judge who rewards or punishes according to one's actions.

For He is good, in that He is now long-suffering with the penitent, and welcomes them; but just, when acting as judge He will give to every one according to his deserts. (Source: Document: 1739759105915-3cgekr-anf08.txt)

This duality reconciles seemingly contradictory attributes, presenting a balanced view of divine character.

The Problem of Idolatry and Divine Honor

The document addresses the issue of worshipping entities other than God, such as the sun, moon, or elements of nature. It argues that those who worship these things are not wiser than God, who allows such impiety, knowing that some will eventually turn to true faith. The text also touches on the concept of divine honor, suggesting that even if God does not explicitly demand honor, humans should offer it out of thankfulness.

Anointing and Divine Appointment

The text introduces the concept of anointing, both in a historical and spiritual context. Aaron, the first high priest, was anointed, signifying his appointment and the virtue derived from spiritual ointment. This anointing was associated with becoming a king, prophet, or priest, highlighting the power and dignity conferred through divine appointment. The text further suggests that Adam, the first man, was also anointed as a prophet, even if this is not explicitly stated in the law.

In conclusion, the text grapples with complex theological questions surrounding free will, divine influence, and the nature of goodness and justice. It emphasizes the importance of individual choice in moral development, defends God against accusations of determinism, and explores the significance of divine honor and appointment. These concepts provide a framework for understanding the relationship between humanity and the divine, and the responsibilities inherent in that relationship.